Urinary Anatomy

Urinary System:

Anatomy & Histology

http://pclab.cataegu.ac.kr/physiology/Kidney.htm

I). Gross Anatomy of the Urinary System A). Kidneys B). Ureters C). Urinary Bladder D). Urethra E). Renal vessels 1). Renal Artery 2). Renal Vein
II). Gross Anatomy of the Kidney (external) A). Shape Lateral Surface: Convex Medial surface: Concave B). Renal Hilus
C). External Supportive Tissue 1). Renal Capsule 2). Adipose Capsule 3). Renal Fascia
A). Renal Cortex: B). Renal Medulla Renal Pyramids. Renal Columns
C). Renal Pelvis Renal papilla lead from collecting ducts to minor calyces merge into several extensions called major calyces form a flat funnel shaped tube that is continuous to the ureter. Calyces are contained in the pelvis
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IV). Renal Vessels Arteries leave the heart Veins return to the heart Kidney has 2 sets of capillaries A). Arteries Blood leaves the heart through the aorta. The renal artery brings blood to the kidney Branch into sub-arteries into the afferent arterioles which provide capillary networks into the nephron
Afferent means arrive ---Efferent means exit B). In the nephron i. Afferent arteriole enters ii. Glomerular capillaries found in the renal corpuscle of the nephron iii. Efferent arterioles leave the glomerulus iv. Peritubular capillaries and the vasa rectus which surrounds the loop. Pressure difference caused by differences in diameter between the afferent and the efferent artery pushes fluid into the nephron C). Renal Veins Blood leaves the capillary networks flows into interlobular veins. Fuses into bigger veins that are returning to the heart Into the renal vein leaving the kidney. Which joins the inferior vena cava.

V). Nephrons A). Structure 1). Renal Corpuscle: a). Glomerulus b). Glomerular (Bowman’s) Capsule:
2). Renal Tubule i). Proximal Convoluted Tubule ii). Loop of Henle descending limb ascending limb iii). Distal Convoluted Tubule iv). Collecting Duct (Not part of the Nephron) receives urine from many nephrons and leads to the renal papilla and calyces
B). Juxtaglomerular Apparatus afferent arteriole (going into the glomerular capsule) lies against the distal convoluted tubule. (tubule furthest from the glomerular capsule) Measures the solute concentration of the urine
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C). Histology Label glomerulus Bowman’s capsule tubules
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VI) Ureters Paired tubes that drain the calyxes and leave the kidneys at the hilus and enter the superior portion of the bladder
VII). Gross Anatomy of the Bladder A). Trigone B). Layers of the Bladder Wall (Histology) i). Mucosa or mucous coat (transitional epithelial tissue) ii). Submucosa Layer (connective tissue) iii). Smooth Muscle or Detrusor muscle iv). Fibrous Adventitia (connective tissue )
Label lumen mucosa layer submucosa layer smooth muscle layer
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V). Gross Anatomy of The Urethra Thin walled tube that leads from the bladder Length varies between the sexes. In males it passes through the prostate A. Sphincters 1). Internal Urethral Sphincter 2). External Urethral Sphincter B. Histology The internal space is the lumen, which is surrounded by the mucous coat (transitional epithelium), the submucosa, and the smooth muscle

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Label (either a ureter or urethra slide) lumen mucosa layer submucosa layer smooth muscle layer