Circulation

Vessel: general term for either arteries or veins

I). Description

A.  . Arterial System

1). Elastic (Conducting) Arteries (2.5 cm à 1.0 cm)

 aorta and the major branches.

2). Muscular (Distributing) Arteries (1cm à 3mm)

3). Arterioles (.33mm à 10: m)

 

B). Capillaries

Contractile cells that wrap about precapillary arterioles to control capillary blood flow

C). Venous System

A). Venules

B). Veins

•  blood pressure low
• venous valves that prevent backflow

 

II.  Vessel structure

1). Tunica interna:

Endothelium l continuation of the endocardium

2). Tunica media

smooth muscle and elastin.

3). Tunica externa

Collagen fibers

4). Vasa Vasorum:

Small blood vessels

 

http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/crr/CR025b.htm	http://w3.ouhsc.edu/histology/Text Sections/Cardiovascular.html

Blood leaves the heart through the

Ascending Aorta and bends into the

 I.  The aortic arch divides into

(anterior to posterior)

1.  Brachiocephalic Artery

a. Right Common Carotid Artery

b. Right Subclavian Artery

A. Arteries

Left and Right Common Carotid

¯

Left & Right--

i.External Carotid

ii. Internal Carotid

 

  Circle of Willis:

Combines the anterior and posterior blood supplies and equalizes pressure

B. Veins

Right & Left

i.External Jugular Veins

ii.  Internal Jugular Veins

¯

common jugular vein

¯

Right & Left Brachiocephalic Vein

¯

Superior Vena Cava .

 

V. Vertebral

Vertebral Artery  branches off of the subclavian artery

VI. ARM

A. Arteries

Left and Right Subclavian Arteries

Axillary Artery

Brachial Artery.

main branch of the Brachial Artery

Deep brachial

 

 

Brachial Artery ®

Ulnar Artery

Radial Artery 

Palmer Artery

 

B. Veins

Of the forearm (lateral to medial)  (thumb to little finger)

Cephalic Vein

Radial Vein

Medial Vein

Ulnar Vein

Basilic Vein

 

 

1. Cephalic Vein

divides in the Median Cubital at the inner elbow.

Main Cephalic joins the  Subclavian Vein

Median Cubital joins the Basilic Vein

 

2. Radial & Ulnar Veins

Traveling deep  Radial Vein  along the radius

Ulnar Vein along the ulna

Merge into the Brachial Vein

 

Brachial merges with the Basilic to form the Axillary Vein.

 

3. Median & Basilic Vein

Median Vein  joins basilic vein

Basilic Vein 

 

Basilic Vein joins with the Brachial Vein to form the Axillary Vein

 

VII). Thorax & Abdomen

A). Arteries

Descending Aorta

Thoracic Aorta

Abdominal aorta

Celiac Trunk the serves the organs

 Left & Right Iliac Arteries

B).  Veins

 Right & Left Common Iliac Veins

drain into the Inferior Vena Cava

VIII).  Legs & Pelvis

A). Arteries

Common Iliac Artery

Internal Iliac Artery

External Iliac Artery

 into:

a. Femoral Artery 

b. Deep Femoral Artery  

c.  Lateral Femoral Artery

 

 Femoral Artery 

 the Popliteal Artery

a.  Anterior Tibial Artery

b. Posterior Tibial Artery

     to become the Plantar Artery

c. Posterior Fibular Artery

 

i. Anterior Lower Leg

1. Anterior Fibular Vein 

2. Anterior Tibial Vein

             Posterior Tibial Vein

3. Great Saphenous Vein  medially  big toe up to the pubic region

ii. Posterior Lower Leg

1 Small Sphenous Vein

2. Posterior Tibial Vein 

3. Posterior Fibular Vein

 

Posterior Fibular Vein & Posterior Tibial Vein merge under the Anterior Tibial Vein

Forming the Popliteal Vein

 

iii. Upper Leg

Small Saphenous Vein and Popliteal Vein merge form the  Femoral Vein  

 

Great Sphenous Vein runs medially from the toes

 

Femoral Vein & Great Sphenous Vein merge form the External Iliac Vein

 

iv.  Pelvis

Internal Iliac Vein &  External Iliac Vein  form the Common Iliac Vein

 which drains into the Inferior Vena Cava